Prep your veggies. Dice the onion, carrots, celery, and bell pepper. Rinse the lentils in a fine mesh strainer until the water runs clear.
Sauté the aromatics. Heat the olive oil in a large pot over medium heat.
Add onion, carrots, celery, and bell pepper. Cook 6–8 minutes, stirring, until soft and lightly golden. Add garlic and cook 1 minute more.
Bloom the spices. Stir in cumin, smoked paprika, and turmeric.
Cook 30 seconds until fragrant. This step deepens the flavor.
Build the soup base. Add lentils, diced tomatoes with juices, broth, bay leaf, salt, and pepper. Stir well, scraping any browned bits from the pot.
Simmer gently. Bring to a boil, then reduce to a gentle simmer.
Cover partially and cook 25–30 minutes, or until lentils are tender but not mushy. Stir a few times to prevent sticking.
Add greens. Stir in kale or spinach. Simmer 3–5 minutes until wilted and tender.
Finish bright. Remove the bay leaf.
Stir in lemon juice, starting with half a lemon and adding more to taste. Adjust salt and pepper.
Optional texture boost. For a creamier body without cream, use an immersion blender to pulse the soup 2–3 times, or scoop out 1 cup, blend, and return to the pot.
Serve. Ladle into bowls and top with fresh parsley or cilantro. Enjoy as is, or with a wedge of lemon on the side.